This project will study the progression of substance use from tobacco through illegal drugs in childhood and adulthood, as well as the potential predisposing properties of tobacco for cocaine use. One goal is to determine the educational and psychological effects of the developmental course and the progression of substance use in school-age children and adolescents. The results of the inquiry should shed light on academic, social, and behavioral factors that place children at risk for early use of tobacco and uptake of cocaine. In turn this information can be used to tailor school drug prevention programs to groups with particular risk factors.The principal investigator is Nadine Lambert.